How to Get a CDL License: Complete Step-by-Step Guide

The CDL Process from Start to Finish

Getting your CDL is a multi-step process that typically takes 4 to 12 weeks from start to finish, depending on your training path. The FMCSA Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) rule, which took effect in February 2022, requires all first-time CDL applicants to complete training from a registered provider before taking the skills test.

Here is the process at a high level: (1) Get your DOT medical card, (2) Study for and pass the CDL written knowledge tests at your state DMV to get a Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP), (3) Complete ELDT-registered training, (4) Pass the CDL skills test (pre-trip inspection, basic controls, road test), (5) Receive your CDL. Each state handles licensing through its own DMV or equivalent agency, so specific fees and procedures vary.

The entire process costs between $3,000 and $10,000 if you pay out of pocket, or potentially $0 through company-sponsored training programs. The biggest variable is training — self-study with a borrowed truck is cheapest, while premium private schools charge the most.

Step 1: Get Your DOT Medical Card

Before anything else, you need a valid DOT medical certificate (commonly called a medical card). This proves you meet the physical qualifications to operate a commercial vehicle. You must pass a DOT physical exam performed by a medical examiner listed on the FMCSA National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners.

The exam costs $75 to $200 depending on location. Walk-in clinics, occupational health centers, and some chiropractors perform DOT physicals. You will need to pass vision tests (20/40 in each eye, with or without correction), hearing tests, blood pressure checks, and urinalysis. The examiner will also review your medical history for conditions that could impair driving ability.

Common disqualifying conditions include uncontrolled diabetes requiring insulin (federal exemption available), epilepsy or seizure disorders, certain cardiovascular conditions, and vision or hearing that cannot be corrected to minimum standards. If you take prescription medications, bring documentation — many medications are compatible with CDL driving, but the examiner needs to verify.

Your medical card is valid for up to 24 months, though shorter periods are issued for conditions that need monitoring. Keep the original card in your vehicle at all times while driving commercially.

Step 2: Pass Written Tests and Get Your CLP

The Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP) is your temporary permit that allows you to practice driving commercial vehicles with a licensed CDL holder in the passenger seat. To get your CLP, you must pass the CDL knowledge tests at your state DMV.

Every CDL applicant takes the General Knowledge test, which covers general trucking regulations, safe driving practices, vehicle systems, and cargo handling. It is typically 50 multiple-choice questions, and you need 80% to pass. If you are pursuing Class A, you also take the Combination Vehicles test (about 20 questions on coupling, uncoupling, and combination vehicle safety).

If you want endorsements, you take those written tests at the same time. The Hazmat (H), Tanker (N), Doubles/Triples (T), Passenger (P), and School Bus (S) tests are each 20 to 30 questions. Taking endorsement tests during your CLP visit saves you a return trip.

Study using your state's CDL manual (free PDF from your DMV website) and online practice tests. Most people need 2 to 3 weeks of study to feel confident. The tests are not tricky, but they cover a lot of material. Focus on air brakes — it is the section most people fail.

CLP fees range from $10 to $80 depending on your state. Your CLP is valid for 180 days in most states, giving you six months to complete training and pass the skills test.

Step 3: Complete CDL Training (ELDT Requirement)

Since February 2022, all first-time CDL applicants must complete Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) from a provider registered with the FMCSA Training Provider Registry (TPR). This applies to both Class A and Class B applicants, as well as anyone adding a Hazmat, Passenger, or School Bus endorsement.

ELDT includes both theory (classroom or online) and behind-the-wheel (BTW) training. The FMCSA sets the curriculum standards but does not mandate minimum hours — that is left to individual states and training providers. However, most quality programs include 120 to 200 hours of total training, with at least 30 to 50 hours of actual driving time.

You have three main training options. Private CDL schools run 3 to 8 weeks and cost $3,000 to $10,000. They offer dedicated instruction, flexible schedules, and job placement assistance. Community colleges offer CDL programs for $2,000 to $5,000, often with financial aid eligibility, but schedules are less flexible. Company-sponsored programs (from carriers like CRST, Prime, or TMC) provide free training in exchange for a 12 to 18-month employment commitment.

When your training is complete, the provider submits your results to the FMCSA TPR, which generates an electronic confirmation. Your state DMV can then verify your ELDT completion before administering the skills test.

Step 4: Pass the CDL Skills Test

The CDL skills test is the final hurdle and consists of three parts: pre-trip vehicle inspection, basic vehicle control (maneuvers), and the on-road driving test. You must pass all three sections to earn your CDL.

The pre-trip inspection requires you to walk around the vehicle and explain to the examiner what you are checking and why. You need to demonstrate knowledge of engine components, steering, suspension, brakes, wheels, lights, and coupling devices (for Class A). This section takes about 30 to 45 minutes and is largely memorization — practice the inspection sequence until it is second nature.

Basic vehicle control tests your ability to maneuver the truck in tight spaces. Common exercises include straight-line backing, offset backing (45-degree and 90-degree), parallel parking (conventional and sight-side), and alley docking. You get a limited number of pull-ups (corrections) before failing. This is the section where most people struggle, so spend extra practice time on backing maneuvers.

The road test is a 30 to 45-minute drive on public roads, testing your ability to handle intersections, lane changes, turns, highway merging, railroad crossings, and general traffic situations. Drive defensively, use your mirrors constantly, and do not rush. The examiner wants to see safe, smooth, confident driving — not speed.

Step 5: Get Your CDL and Start Driving

Once you pass all three sections of the skills test, the examiner will provide your results to the DMV. Most states issue a temporary CDL on the spot (paper document) while your permanent card is mailed, which usually takes 2 to 4 weeks. You can begin driving commercially with the temporary CDL.

Before accepting your first job, make sure your CDL has the correct class and endorsements. Mistakes happen — double-check that everything matches what you tested for. If there is an error, contact your DMV immediately.

New CDL holders face some restrictions. You cannot drive for a motor carrier operating in interstate commerce until you turn 21 (18-year-olds can get a CDL for intrastate only in most states). If you got a Hazmat endorsement, you also need to complete a TSA background check (separate process, $86.50 fee, takes 30 to 60 days) before you can actually haul hazmat loads.

Your CDL must be renewed every 4 to 8 years depending on your state, and your medical card must be renewed every 24 months. Keep these current — driving with an expired CDL or medical card results in being placed out of service and potential fines.

Plan your job search while you are in training, not after. Most CDL schools have employer partnerships, and many carriers recruit directly from schools. Having a job lined up before graduation means you start earning immediately instead of sitting idle.